Windows needs manufacturer-provided hardware drivers before your hardware will work. Linux and other operating systems also need hardware drivers before hardware will work — but hardware drivers are handled differently on Linux.
The good news is that, if a device will work on Linux, it’ll probably “just work” out of the box. You may sometimes need to install drivers, but some hardware may just not work at all.
How Hardware Drivers Work on Windows
When you install Windows, you’ll need to install hardware drivers provided by the hardware’s manufacturer — motherboard chipset drivers, graphics card drivers, Wi-Fi drivers, and more.
RELATED:Should You Use the Hardware Drivers Windows Provides, or Download Your Manufacturer’s Drivers?
Windows does try to help. Microsoft bundles a lot of these manufacturer-provided drivers with Windows, and hosts many of them on Windows Update. When you plug in a new device to your Windows computer and you see the “Installing Driver” bubble pop up, Windows might be downloading a manufacturer-provided driver from Microsoft and installing it on your PC. Microsoft doesn’t write these drivers on its own — it gets them from the manufacturers and provides them to you after vetting them.
If hardware isn’t working on Windows, there’s usually a driver to make it work. Unless you have an ancient device that only works with older versions of Windows, the manufacturer has done the work of making it work with Windows. Hardware that doesn’t work is usually just a quick driver download away from working.
How Hardware Drivers Work on Linux
Budget is a placeholder song. Things are different on Linux. Most of the drivers for hardware on your computer are open-source and integrated into Linux itself. These hardware drivers are generally part of the Linux kernel, although bits of graphics drivers are part of Xorg (the graphics system), and printer drivers are included with CUPS (the print system).
That means most of the available hardware drivers are already on your computer, included along with the kernel, graphics server, and print server. These drivers are sometimes developed by hobbyists. But they’re sometimes developed by the hardware manufacturer themselves, who contributes their code directly to the Linux kernel and other projects.
In other words, most hardware drivers are included out-of-the-box. You don’t have to hunt down manufacturer-provided drivers for every bit of hardware on your Linux system and install them. Your Linux system should automatically detect your hardware and use the appropriate hardware drivers.
How to Install Proprietary Drivers
Some manufacturers to provide their own, closed-source, proprietary drivers. These are hardware drivers that the manufacturers write and maintain on their own, and their closed-source nature means most Linux distributions won’t bundle and automatically enable them for you.
Most commonly, these include the proprietary graphics drivers for both NVIDIA and AMD graphics hardware, which provide more graphics performance for gaming on Linux. There are open-source drivers that can get your graphics working, but they don’t offer the same level of 3D gaming performance. Some Wi-Fi drivers are also still proprietary, so your wireless hardware may not work until you install them.
How you install proprietary drivers depends on your Linux distribution. On Ubuntu and Ubuntu-based distributions, there’s an “Additional Drivers” tool. Open the dash, search for “Additional Drivers,” and launch it. It will detect which proprietary drivers you can install for your hardware and allow you to install them. Linux Mint has a “Driver Manager” tool that works similarly. Fedora is against proprietary drivers and doesn’t make them so easy to install. Every Linux distribution handles it in a different way.
How to Install Printer Drivers
You may need to install drivers for printers, however. When you use a printer-configuration tool to configure CUPS (the Common Unix Printing System), you’ll be able to choose an appropriate driver for your printer from the database. Generally, this involves finding your printer’s manufacturer in the list and choosing the model name of the printer.
You can also choose to provide a PostScript Printer Description, or PPD, file. These files are often part of the Windows driver for PostScript printers, and you may be able to hunt down a PPD file that makes your printer work better. You can provide a PPD file when setting up the printer in your Linux desktop’s printer configuration tool.
Printers can be a headache on Linux, and many may not work properly — or at all — no matter what you do. It’s a good idea to choose printers you know will work with Linux the next time you go printer-shopping.
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How to Make Other Hardware Work
RELATED:10 of the Most Popular Linux Distributions Compared
Occasionally, you may need to install proprietary drivers your Linux distribution hasn’t provided for you. For example, NVIDIA and AMD both offer driver-installer packages you can use. However, you should strive to use proprietary drivers packaged for your Linux distribution — they’ll work best.
In general, if something doesn’t work on Linux out-of-the-box — and if it doesn’t work after installing the proprietary drivers your Linux distribution provides — it probably won’t work at all. if you’re using an older Linux distribution, upgrading to a newer one will get you the latest hardware support and improve things. But, if something isn’t working, it’s likely that you can’t make it work simply by installing a hardware driver.
Searching for a guide to making a specific piece of hardware work on your specific Linux distribution might help. Such a guide might walk you through finding a manufacturer-provided driver and installing it, which will often require terminal commands. Older proprietary drivers may not work on modern Linux distributions that use modern software, so there’s no guarantee an old, manufacturer-provided driver will work properly. Linux works best when manufacturers contribute their drivers to the kernel as open-source software.
In general, you shouldn’t mess with hardware drivers too much. That’s the vision of Linux — the drivers are open-source and integrated into the kernel and other pieces of software. You don’t have to install them or tweak them — the system automatically detects your hardware and uses the appropriate drivers. If you’ve installed Linux, your hardware should just work — either immediately, or at least after you install some easy-to-install proprietary drivers provided by a tool like the Additional Drivers utility in Ubuntu.
If you have to hunt down manufacturer-provided proprietary drivers and extended guides for installing them, that’s a bad sign. The drivers may not actually work properly with the latest software in your Linux distribution.
Image Credit: Blek on Flickr
READ NEXT
The good news is that, if a device will work on Linux, it’ll probably “just work” out of the box. You may sometimes need to install drivers, but some hardware may just not work at all.
How Hardware Drivers Work on Windows
When you install Windows, you’ll need to install hardware drivers provided by the hardware’s manufacturer — motherboard chipset drivers, graphics card drivers, Wi-Fi drivers, and more.
RELATED:Should You Use the Hardware Drivers Windows Provides, or Download Your Manufacturer’s Drivers?
Windows does try to help. Microsoft bundles a lot of these manufacturer-provided drivers with Windows, and hosts many of them on Windows Update. When you plug in a new device to your Windows computer and you see the “Installing Driver” bubble pop up, Windows might be downloading a manufacturer-provided driver from Microsoft and installing it on your PC. Microsoft doesn’t write these drivers on its own — it gets them from the manufacturers and provides them to you after vetting them.
If hardware isn’t working on Windows, there’s usually a driver to make it work. Unless you have an ancient device that only works with older versions of Windows, the manufacturer has done the work of making it work with Windows. Hardware that doesn’t work is usually just a quick driver download away from working.
How Hardware Drivers Work on Linux
Things are different on Linux. Most of the drivers for hardware on your computer are open-source and integrated into Linux itself. These hardware drivers are generally part of the Linux kernel, although bits of graphics drivers are part of Xorg (the graphics system), and printer drivers are included with CUPS (the print system).
That means most of the available hardware drivers are already on your computer, included along with the kernel, graphics server, and print server. These drivers are sometimes developed by hobbyists. But they’re sometimes developed by the hardware manufacturer themselves, who contributes their code directly to the Linux kernel and other projects.
In other words, most hardware drivers are included out-of-the-box. You don’t have to hunt down manufacturer-provided drivers for every bit of hardware on your Linux system and install them. Your Linux system should automatically detect your hardware and use the appropriate hardware drivers.
How to Install Proprietary Drivers
Some manufacturers to provide their own, closed-source, proprietary drivers. These are hardware drivers that the manufacturers write and maintain on their own, and their closed-source nature means most Linux distributions won’t bundle and automatically enable them for you.
Most commonly, these include the proprietary graphics drivers for both NVIDIA and AMD graphics hardware, which provide more graphics performance for gaming on Linux. There are open-source drivers that can get your graphics working, but they don’t offer the same level of 3D gaming performance. Some Wi-Fi drivers are also still proprietary, so your wireless hardware may not work until you install them.
How you install proprietary drivers depends on your Linux distribution. On Ubuntu and Ubuntu-based distributions, there’s an “Additional Drivers” tool. Open the dash, search for “Additional Drivers,” and launch it. It will detect which proprietary drivers you can install for your hardware and allow you to install them. Linux Mint has a “Driver Manager” tool that works similarly. Fedora is against proprietary drivers and doesn’t make them so easy to install. Every Linux distribution handles it in a different way.
How to Install Printer Drivers
You may need to install drivers for printers, however. When you use a printer-configuration tool to configure CUPS (the Common Unix Printing System), you’ll be able to choose an appropriate driver for your printer from the database. Generally, this involves finding your printer’s manufacturer in the list and choosing the model name of the printer.
You can also choose to provide a PostScript Printer Description, or PPD, file. These files are often part of the Windows driver for PostScript printers, and you may be able to hunt down a PPD file that makes your printer work better. You can provide a PPD file when setting up the printer in your Linux desktop’s printer configuration tool.
Printers can be a headache on Linux, and many may not work properly — or at all — no matter what you do. It’s a good idea to choose printers you know will work with Linux the next time you go printer-shopping.
How to Make Other Hardware Work
RELATED:10 of the Most Popular Linux Distributions Compared
Occasionally, you may need to install proprietary drivers your Linux distribution hasn’t provided for you. For example, NVIDIA and AMD both offer driver-installer packages you can use. However, you should strive to use proprietary drivers packaged for your Linux distribution — they’ll work best.
In general, if something doesn’t work on Linux out-of-the-box — and if it doesn’t work after installing the proprietary drivers your Linux distribution provides — it probably won’t work at all. if you’re using an older Linux distribution, upgrading to a newer one will get you the latest hardware support and improve things. But, if something isn’t working, it’s likely that you can’t make it work simply by installing a hardware driver.
Searching for a guide to making a specific piece of hardware work on your specific Linux distribution might help. Such a guide might walk you through finding a manufacturer-provided driver and installing it, which will often require terminal commands. Older proprietary drivers may not work on modern Linux distributions that use modern software, so there’s no guarantee an old, manufacturer-provided driver will work properly. Linux works best when manufacturers contribute their drivers to the kernel as open-source software.
In general, you shouldn’t mess with hardware drivers too much. That’s the vision of Linux — the drivers are open-source and integrated into the kernel and other pieces of software. You don’t have to install them or tweak them — the system automatically detects your hardware and uses the appropriate drivers. If you’ve installed Linux, your hardware should just work — either immediately, or at least after you install some easy-to-install proprietary drivers provided by a tool like the Additional Drivers utility in Ubuntu.
If you have to hunt down manufacturer-provided proprietary drivers and extended guides for installing them, that’s a bad sign. The drivers may not actually work properly with the latest software in your Linux distribution.
Image Credit: Blek on Flickr
READ NEXT
Under ideal circumstances, printing on Linux will just work. This is true whether you’re using a USB cable or connecting over a network. Linux detects my HP Envy 4500 automatically and prints over the network without my having to hunt for drivers or type in an IP address.
Depending on what printer you own, your experience may not go so smoothly. Fortunately, Linux comes with a built-in back up plan for when your computer and printer don’t communicate automatically. Only when that fails do you have to hunt around for drivers the old-fashioned way, and at that point, you may be in a situation where your hardware doesn’t yet run under Linux.
The likelihood of this is increasingly small. Printers aren’t the most rapidly evolving form of tech, and Linux comes with support for many common models.
Technical Background
Most common Linux distributions use the Common Unix Printing System (CUPS, for short) to communicate with printers and get the pixels on your screen onto paper. These days Apple runs the project, so you may recognize the experience if you’ve moved over from Mac OS X. CUPS communicates with local and network printers using the Internet Printing Protocol.
You can typically find a way to manage printers under system settings, but there’s also the option of using the web-based interface by typing localhost:631 into your browser. How Things Should Work
Ideally, printer installation should be automatic and happen in the background. You plug your printer in, you go to print a document, and you see the printer listed as one of the options.
To confirm if a printer was added automatically, go to Settings > Printers. You should see your printer’s name appear on the left.
Installing a Driver
When your computer doesn’t automatically detect your printer, you will have to go looking for a driver. Specifically, you’re looking for a PostScript Printer Description (PPD) file. This is a description of your printer’s capabilities and is needed to make yours run.
Fortunately, having to go hunting for one doesn’t necessarily mean you’re in for a hard time.
Using the Foomatic database
Chances are, your Linux distribution shipped with a database of free software printer drivers known as Footmatic. It’s a funny name, the history of which you can read about online.
To search Foomatic for a driver in Ubuntu, for example, go to System Settings > Printers. From there, press the + or Add button. Select your serial port and press Forward. You should then see a screen prompting you to select your printer make and model.
If you don’t see your exact model, it may be worth selecting the closest one to see if you get lucky.
Installing a Manufacturer-Supplied PPD
When the Foomatic database doesn’t have what you need, your next option is to check your printer manufacturer’s website. There you may find the PPD file for CUPS.
Manufacturers may provide other instructions or installation tools to aid you in the process. Brother provides drivers and commands to make its printers work under Linux. HP supplies Linux Imaging and Printing (HPLIP) software.
When that method doesn’t work, you can also give the OpenPrinting.org database a shot.
Adding a Network Printer
As with using a USB cable, if you’ve already configured your printer to connect to your local networkThe 3 Easiest Ways to Share a Printer Over a NetworkThe 3 Easiest Ways to Share a Printer Over a NetworkYou can share your one printer with multiple PCs across a local network. We explain how to set this up in Windows. We also show you alternative ways to share your printer.Read More, then it should pop up when you search for available printers.
If it doesn’t, then it’s time to get your hands dirty. The CUPS web interface looks the same regardless of which Linux desktop environment you prefer (it also works in RaspbianMake Your Own Wireless Printer With A Raspberry PiMake Your Own Wireless Printer With A Raspberry PiFewer cables, flexibility about where you can put your printer – wireless printing is a win-win. Unless you have an older printer. Raspberry Pi to the rescue!Read More), so let’s head there. Download Epson Workforce Pro Wf 4734
In the CUPS web interface, click Adding Printers and Classes or the Administration tab at the top.
Then click Add Printer. CUPS will prompt you for root access.
The next page will list the printers you’ve already configured for your computer, other available machines on your network, and options for adding a printer that CUPS could not detect. If you know the IP address of your printer, the most straightforward approach is to go with Internet Printing Protocol. Then enter
Epson Wf 4734
…changing ip_address and printer_name to the correct values.
Most network-enabled printers let you set the IP address using the built-in control panel, but maybe you don’t have that option, or you want to assign address remotely. Either way, you can do so using the DHCP protocol. It sounds complex, but you only need to add the line below to the end of the /etc/dhcpd.conf file, providing your own names or numbers for hostname, mac_address, and ip_address.
host hostname {
Make sure the hostname you used is also listed in the /etc/hosts file or registered with your DNS server.
CUPS supports other methods, in case you don’t want to go with DCHP.
This process only works if your printer is already connected to your network. If you have an older unit connected via a cable, you can turn it into a wireless machine using a Raspberry PiMake Your Own Wireless Printer With A Raspberry PiMake Your Own Wireless Printer With A Raspberry PiFewer cables, flexibility about where you can put your printer – wireless printing is a win-win. Unless you have an older printer. Raspberry Pi to the rescue!Read More.
A Foolproof Backup Plan
Printers don’t have the best reputation. They break, they run out of ink all the time, and as the explanation above indicates, setup isn’t always easy. But these days there are ways to avoid configuring a printer to work with each of your devices.
HP ePrint-compatible printers provide you with an email address and print out any documents or pictures sent to that address. This works regardless of if you’re using a desktop or mobile phone. Yes, you are dependent on HP keeping the service running, you have to trust that they aren’t doing anything with your email, and print jobs can take a while to go through. These things aside, it works regardless of if you’re using Linux, Windows, FreeBSD, Android, iOS, Ubuntu Touch, or an old version of Maemo still trucking along on a Nokia N900 you couldn’t bear to get rid of.
You can get a similar experience if you already have a machine configured to run with Apple AirPrint, Google Cloud Print, and other similar services.
When all else fails, you can always get someone else to print your document for you5 Ways to Print Documents When You Are Out of the House5 Ways to Print Documents When You Are Out of the HouseQuality printing jobs when you are inside the house is easy. But what do you do when you are outside the house and need to get something printed on time?Read More. And if there’s no time for that, you can at least print to PDF and save the document for laterHow to Print to PDF from Any PlatformHow to Print to PDF from Any PlatformNeed to print a file to PDF? It's easier than you might think, no matter what device you're using. We have summarized all your options.Read More.
Printing Complete!
Printers can be a pain. But, perhaps surprisingly, this is one area where your experience might be easier on Linux than you’ve grown accustomed to elsewhere. Many printers are plug in play. You connect your computer and voila, it prints and scans, no finger crossing required. That the process has come so far is one sign that now might be a great time to migrate your workflow over to LinuxEverything You Need to Migrate Your Home Office to LinuxEverything You Need to Migrate Your Home Office to LinuxIt's for this reason why many users are looking to make the switch to Linux. If you're one of them, you're going to want to read on. We're going to talk about how to move..Read More.
Sadly, there remains a dark side to using printers on Linux. Have you been there? Have you ever had to manually edit files to get things to work? Have you had a printer that simply wasn’t supported at all? Or have your printers always worked great out of the box? Share your stories of success or frustration with us!
Explore more about: Printing, USB, Wi-Fi.
Printer Driver For Epson Stylus Pro 7890 – We often use this printer because the printed results that fast though with large size, sometimes we have to install new drivers for a new computer or a computer that has been in the format, below is the driver download link.
Operating System(s) support: Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10
Operating System(s) support: Macintosh (MAC) OS X
Operating System(s) support: Linux Ubuntu, Linux Debian and others
Printer Driver For Epson Stylus Pro 7890
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Epson Stylus Pro 7890 Driver Download Compatibility
How to install Epson Stylus Pro 7890 Driver to your Computer
Follow these steps to set up the downloaded software application and driver.
How to Remove Epson Stylus Pro 7890 Driver from your Computer
Ppd File Extension
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